Kate Bryan
\nHead of Evening Sale
\n+44 7391 402741
\nkbryan@phillips.com

\n\n

Olivia Thornton
\nHead of 20th Century & Contemporary Art, Europe
\n+44 20 7318 4099
\nothornton@phillips.com

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'I like for the characters in my painting to move between vulnerability and empowerment. I like the foolish, marionette-like figures that evoke empathy as immigrants crossing borders, but they also have agency and dignity: things that have not been traditionally associated with our faces and our bodies in painting.'
\n—Salman ToorWell-known for his remarkable ability to blend the present with the art historical past, Pakistani-born Salman Toor paints scenes of intimacy, camaraderie, and community, imaginatively drawing on his personal experiences as a queer Pakistani man living in New York to create tender works with incredible narrative charge. Featuring three, downcast looking men wrapped in loose fitting clothes and shawls set against a denuded background, Three Men With Trays evokes Renaissance icons and Biblical scenes as much as carrying more contemporary connotations, succeeding - in Roberta Smith’s terms - in beginning to ‘pluck your heart strings almost as soon as you see them.’ⁱ

\n\n

Painted in 2018, Three Men With Trays Toor uses his own experiences as an émigré living between worlds as a vantage point from which to interrogate the relationship between the two, observing points of divergence, tension, and similarity, or, as the artist explains, ‘My own positioning between places which we designate East and West is an amusing point from which to look at the world and the histories of both Indian and European painting, both of which are a part of my work.’ⁱⁱ Building on an earlier series of works that illustrated the rigid class divide defining social relations in Pakistan and across much of India from the point of view of an outside observer, Three Men with Trays blends commentary on the persistent divides between the affluent and the needy through the lens of a Western pictorial tradition.

\n\n

Telling Stories

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Showcasing Toor’s remarkable strength as a storyteller as much as his technical virtuosity as a painter, the scene takes on a serene stillness; a moment of quiet anticipation that is loaded with questions related to these three men – who are they, where are they, and what are their empty trays waiting for? While one man tilts his head to one side in a gesture of gentle appeal and deference, the figure to his left takes on a more defiant stance, catching our eye as he stare out of the canvas towards us, the tray gripped tightly between his hands.

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Standing, closely grouped together in loosely rendered, non-descriptive space, Toor plays with the idea of liminality, the allegorical ‘ in-between spaces’ that ‘can take on the feeling of an inner psychic space of some of the characters.’ⁱⁱⁱ Rooted in the diasporic experience of belonging everywhere and no-where at once, a sensation keenly communicated in the present work. Removing any visual or narrative clues that we might use to anchor the dramatic tension of the scene from the environment around them, our attention is focused squarely on the three figures. In this - as in his lithe treatment of the figure and strong sense for expressive colour – Toor draws close to the evocative portraits of Vincent van Gogh, whose portraits generated a similar dramatic intensity.

\n\n

\"Vincent — Vincent van Gogh, *Portrait of Armand Roulin*, 1888 Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam, Netherlands. Image: Bridgeman Images

\n\n

Learning From the Old Masters

\n\n

While we might bring to mind the ruddy palette and sense of quiet sufferance that characterises van Gogh’s Potato Eaters, the art historical roots of Toor’s approach to figuration go considerably deeper, referencing Dutch Old Masters, Baroque, and Neo-Classical traditions that he absorbed so eagerly when he first embarked on his art studies in the United States. Scenes of peasant life and la vie Bohème in particular preoccupied the artist, explaining how he ‘learned about the grimy peasants in David Teniers and Bruegel, the dark-skinned servants in Dutch genre paintings, the steely refinement of an Anthony van Dyck subject, the sordid nightlife of Impressionist Paris’, finding within this rich subject matter compelling ways of approaching at ‘the relationship between the rich and the poor, ways of portraying forgiveness, race, power, dignity, exoticism, difference.’^iv

\n\n

\"Peter — [Left] Peter Paul Rubens, *Study of Two Heads*, c.1609, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Image: © The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, Bequest of Miss Adelaide Milton de Groot (1876-1967), 1967 
\n[Right] Detail of the present work

\n\n

Executed in earthy tones accented by touches of soft violet and blue on board, Three Men With Trays draws fruitfully on this art historical legacy, recalling the high contrasts of light and shadow, sense of movement, and dramatic sensuality of Paul Peter Reubens’ portraits. Reflecting on his time as a student and his immersion into a European art historical tradition, Toor explains ‘Instead of moving with the times, I wanted an academic education in painting […] I wanted to be as good as the White Old Masters. In fact, I was only happy when I could pretend that I was a 17th century or 18th century painter living in Madrid, Venice, or Holland.’^v

\n\n

Broaching a global conversation on identity, belonging, and developing his uniquely compelling brand of empathetic aesthetics, Salman Toor bridges the personal and the universal, the autobiographic and the imaginary, drawing close to the the Old Masters, while speaking profoundly to the present moment.

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Collector’s Digest

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• Ranked among TIME magazine’s 2021 list of 100 emerging leaders shaping the future, Salman Toor has captured the attention of the artworld as an influential voice in contemporary painting, with work now featured in the permanent collections of institutions such as the Tate Modern in London, and Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago.

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• Having recently presented his first museum solo show at the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York, Salman Toor: How Will I Know (2020-2021), Toor will soon be presenting his first solo exhibition in Asia at M Woods in Beijing.

\n\n

• When Phillips were the first to debut a work by Toor at auction in Asia in December 2020, Group Dance (2012) far surpassed its estimates, achieving the artist’s top auction record at the time. Demonstrative of the artist’s rocketing success, that result has since been broken many times over, and global interest in Toor’s figurative painting remains strong.

\n\n

\nⁱ Roberta Smith, ‘Salman Toor, a Painter at Home in Two Worlds’, New York Times, 23 December 2020, online.
\nⁱⁱ Salman Toor, quoted in Micah Pegues, ‘Issue No. 1. Interview with Salman Toor, Polychrome Magazine, 11 February 2019, online.
\nⁱⁱⁱ Salman Toor, quoted in Cassie Packard, ‘Blurring the Lines between Public and Private: Salman Toor Interviewed by Cassie Packard’, BOMB Magazine, February 12, 2021, online.
\n^iv Salman Toor, quoted in Cassie Packard, ‘Blurring the Lines between Public and Private: Salman Toor Interviewed by Cassie Packard’, BOMB Magazine, February 12, 2021, online.
\n^v Salman Toor, quoted in Ayla Angelos, ‘”I wanted to be as good as the white old masters”: meet painter Salman Toor,’ It’s Nice That, November 7, 2019, online.

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Taku",22000,78120,"34",{"_410":1330,"_52":413,"_414":1331,"_453":1334,"_455":456,"_459":1039,"_461":462,"_463":464,"_465":1335,"_467":1336,"_468":1337,"_587":1338,"_470":1339,"_472":1340,"_473":474,"_475":46,"_476":46,"_477":679,"_480":46,"_481":46,"_482":83,"_483":46,"_484":46,"_485":83,"_486":83,"_411":1336,"_457":1341,"_593":1336},"168674",{"_1332":1333},"estimateText","Estimate on Request","https://www.phillips.com/detail/asprey-bugatti/168674","1-61FL7Q",35,"La Voiture Noire","https://assets.phillips.com/auctions/UK010422/168674_001.jpg",7747,"Asprey Bugatti","35","highlights",[1344,1349,1353,1357,1361,1365,1369,1373,1377,1381,1385,1389],{"_587":1345,"_516":1346,"_1347":1348},"https://assets.phillips.com/auctions/UK010422/21_hi.jpg","

CAROLINE WALKER Afters, 2016

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CY TWOMBLY Untitled, 1962

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ANNA WEYANT Bath Time, 2019

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OUATTARA WATTS № 1 For Miles, 1997

\n","1654790190",{"_587":1362,"_516":1363,"_1347":1364},"https://assets.phillips.com/auctions/UK010422/25a_hi.jpg","

PHILIPPE PARRENO Untitled (Coloured Candles), 2013

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SHARA HUGHES Wavy Navy, 2015

\n","1654790135",{"_587":1370,"_516":1371,"_1347":1372},"https://assets.phillips.com/auctions/UK010422/27_hi.jpg","

ISSY WOOD Not Turned On, 2018

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ROBERT NAVA Maybe Metatron, 2017

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NICOLAS DE STAËL Marine, 1954

\n","1654789927",{"_587":1382,"_516":1383,"_1347":1384},"https://assets.phillips.com/auctions/UK010422/3a_hi.jpg","

DAMIEN HIRST Beautiful tropical, jungle painting (with pink snot), 1998

\n","1653388871",{"_587":1386,"_516":1387,"_1347":1388},"https://assets.phillips.com/auctions/UK010422/2_hi.jpg","

MARÍA BERRÍO The Riders II, 2012

\n","1653315588",{"_587":1390,"_516":1391,"_1347":1392},"https://assets.phillips.com/auctions/UK010422/1_hi.jpg","

FLORA YUKHNOVICH Moi aussi je déborde, 2017

\n","1649943309","articles",[1395,1419,1429],{"_1396":1397,"_1398":231,"_1399":1400,"_516":1401,"_1402":1403,"_1404":1405,"_1406":1407,"_1408":1409,"_1410":474,"_1411":1412,"_467":474,"_1413":1414,"_1415":1416,"_1417":1418},"coverUrl","https://flockler.com/thumbs/sites/889/self-409e4562-2cac-455a-8e34-80d9c731e97b_s600x0.jpg","section","summary","Examining how the material choices of four important women artists impact the composition, presentation, and meaning of their works. ","Source and Subject: Creating in a Material World ","body","

Tschabalala Self, Carma, 2015. 20th Century & Contemporary Art London.

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Tschabalala Self

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The materials that Tschabalala Self uses are charged with autobiographical importance, including sewn scraps of found textiles, cut up and recombined pieces of her own canvases, and – most poignantly – pieces of patterned fabric that previously belonged to her mother. A seamstress during her lifetime, Self’s mother amassed an enormous collection of patterned fabrics, providing a resource that the artist has turned to after her death. Deftly weaving the personal with the political, Self draws on her own life and the entrenched associations of textiles to women and so-called “women’s work” in order to create highly charged objects that decisively explore today’s attitudes toward race and gender. In this respect, her highly textured paintings recall Faith Ringgold’s painted story quilts, and their powerful combination of personal narratives, politics, and history; Ringgold is an artist Self cites as a particular formative influence growing up in Harlem.

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Carma is a strikingly three-dimensional portrait, one of her few works to incorporate padding in the construction of her subject. Included in Self’s first solo exhibition in the United Kingdom hosted by Parasol Unit in 2017, Carma is a commanding example of the artist’s highly expressive and inventive approach to materials and figuration for which she has become so well known. Combining textiles, acrylic, vinyl paint, and pastel, Self here deconstructs and refashions the Black female body, exposing and amplifying historically entrenched ideas or fantasies related to Black femininity and sexuality that persist in contemporary attitudes. Self frequently returns to the idea of her images as built constructions, encapsulating both the nature of their execution and more complex notions of identity formation. Readymade elements that introduce diverse textures, forms, and colors, Self’s cutting, shaping, and stitching together of fabrics draws profound parallels to the complex intersections of our own histories and sense of selfhood.

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María Berrío, The Riders II, 2012. 20th Century & Contemporary Art London.

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María Berrío

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Advocating a kind of magical thinking akin to the Magical Realist works of Gabriel García Márquez and Isabel Allende, María Berrío’s fusion of narrative, fantasy, and allegory in The Riders II is consistent with the artist’s distinctive mode of worldbuilding, and her creation of utopian spaces populated primarily by female figures who are at once closely connected to nature and capable of transcending this material realm. Berrío’s large-scale collaged canvases offer compellingly beautiful scenes suffused with a sense of magic and musicality, lending them a dream-like quality as ephemeral and delicate as the materials used in their execution. Typical of her artistic process, the variegated surface of The Riders II is built up in layers of carefully cut pieces of delicate handmade and brightly colored Japanese paper, to which the artist has added touches of acrylic, watercolor, and gold leaf, creating a sense of movement and harmony especially well-suited to the present subject.

\n\n

As with the processes involved with traditional quilt-making, Berrío’s use of multiple textures and fragments speaks eloquently to ideas around memory, dream, and narrative, and the peculiar way in which her works seem capable of “cutting through time and the unconscious” in a manner that recalls the languid scenes of Henri Rousseau’s exotic canvases. Berrío’s intricate, paper-based works also recall the individuated dots of pure color used to such powerful optical effect in Pointillism. Berrío’s intricate paper patchworks have more recently taken this allusion a step further, her designs reimagined in the fourteen glass, ceramic, and enamel mosaic installations now permanently installed at Fort Hamilton Subway Station, Brooklyn. Layered with colourful patterns and folkloric imagery, in these mosaics Berrío wanted to focus on the idea of the journey itself as a space of infinite possibility, beauty, and magical potential.

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Issy Wood, Not Turned On, 2018. 20th Century & Contemporary Art London.

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Issy Wood

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A playful double entendre referring to the closed, unseeing eyes of the central sculptural figure and a lack of sexual attraction, Not Turned On highlights Issy Wood’s delight in wordplay and an interest in the slipperiness of meaning that extends to her treatment of materials. As in her paintings of leather jackets and car interiors, here Wood generates an intriguing confusion in her use of black paint on a black velvet ground, rendering the likeness of one material onto the surface of another. Wood’s use of stretched velvet manifests an unsettling soft-focus effect when observing the figure head-on, further adding to a body of work focused on decontextualized and enigmatic objects that hover between artifact and kitsch – divorced from any historical and cultural contexts in this way, the carved figure dominating the composition becomes difficult to locate as an object, emphasized by Wood’s inclusion of a layer of floral print intervening between the viewer and the painted figure.

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Born in the 1990s, Wood is a digital native, well-versed in the ubiquitous flow of decontextualized images and information that characterizes the internet age she belongs to. Drawing out the uncanniness of these objects, and their ability to stand in for one another, Not Turned On frustrates our attempts to make the carved object legible as obsidian or hard-polished wood in a manner that recalls the careful balance between revealing and concealing struck in Surrealist master René Magritte’s subtle notion of combined objects, and the slippery exchanges between word and image, sign and signified. Wood reveals the power of material juxtaposition in generating mood and meaning, bringing our attention to the painted surface and the complex variety of associations and sensations that it gives rise to. In this way, Not Turned On reasserts the immediacy and primacy of the painted image in the Digital Age.

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Louise Bourgeois, Couple, 2002 (detail). 20th Century & Contemporary Art London.

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Louise Bourgeois

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Already in her 80s when she embarked on the final chapter of her long and celebrated career, Louise Bourgeois’ return to needles and thread signaled a profound reflection on themes of motherhood, trauma, loss, and repair. Presenting two pink bodies gently pressed against one another, heads inclined into each other’s shoulders as they hang, suspended in space, Couple is a tender portrait of intimacy, a stunning example of her late-career soft sculptures. The perishable pink bodies are evocative reminders of our own vulnerability, in physical as well as emotional terms, speaking powerfully to the visceral desire for touch and closeness. Hanging the embracing couple delicately inside the glass vitrine, Bourgeois amplifies this sensation further, removing the couple from us to float eternally, the only beings in their private universe of two. Weaving its own complex metaphors, while the fragment indicates pain and loss, the suturing together of these different components indicates the capacity for repair, speaking powerfully to our desire for wholeness, both in ourselves and in our romantic partnerships.

\n\n

Bourgeois first introduced fabric into her work in 1991 with , the architectural structure that heralded the start of one of her most significant series. Featuring a low metal bed covered in fabric quilted together from old pillow cases and postal bags inside its caged frame, Cell I highlights the indivisibility of the autobiographic from the act of sewing for the artist, the refashioned bedclothes embroidered with phrases from her diaries. Engaged in an endless cycle of weaving and repair, the spider would ultimately become Bourgeois’ most potent and iconic motif after 1994, directly linking ideas of stitching and restoration with the figure of her mother in her series of steel sculptures. As the artist elucidated: “I came from a family of repairers. The spider is a repairer. If you bash into the web of a spider, she doesn’t get mad. She weaves and repairs it.” However, in leaving the seams and sutures visible in Couple, Bourgeois highlights the painful persistence of our emotional scars and exposes the fallacy of the idea self as a self-contained whole.

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Discover More from 20th Century & Contemporary Art >

\n\n

Recommended Reading

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A New Generation of British Women Artists >

\n\n

Ex Machina: A History of Generative Art >

\n","publishDate","2022-06-23T00:43:13.000000Z","authorCredit","Arian Murati","coverPosX",50,"coverPosY","articleUrl","https://www.phillips.com/article/98566055/source-and-subject-creating-in-a-material-world","auctionEditorialID",1616,"editorialID",3925,"flocklerID",98566055,{"_1396":1420,"_1398":231,"_1399":1421,"_516":1422,"_1402":1423,"_1404":1424,"_1406":1407,"_1408":1409,"_1410":474,"_1411":1425,"_467":229,"_1413":1426,"_1415":1427,"_1417":1428},"https://flockler.com/thumbs/sites/889/showering-14d8a48a-cf2e-46c6-9685-56b06639eab1_s600x0.jpg","Three artists exploring the complexities of the contemporary world with unique practices and exceptionally engaging works. ","A New Generation of British Women Artists ","

Antonia Showering, We Stray, 2020. 20th Century & Contemporary Art London.

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Antonia Showering

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\n
My process is quite transient, in that imagery is constantly shifting, a couple embracing could become a mountain range, figures interlocking could later become the ripples in a lake.
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— Antonia Showering
\n

\n\n

Creating rich narrative structures for her paintings to explore, Antonia Showering’s distinctive practice renders tangible the fleeting aspects of memory in compelling ways. With We Stray, the artist presents an idyllic mountain landscape with figures bathing and floating weightlessly across the still waters of a lake, bridging the personal and the universal in its treatment of memory, time, and the deep emotional connections that we forge with both people and places. At play here are the parallels between her practice and the workings of memory itself, the ways in which neither exist individually but are instead composites, added to and overlaid over time to create meaning, as felt impactfully by Showering’s use of the pentimento technique. Her figures can be seen as fading from or emerging into the scene, being remembered or forgotten, and their presence is a constituent element of the work’s fluidity. Like the movement of water, memory takes the shape of its vessel, and Showering’s embrace of the transient unfolds beautifully in the space between the concrete and the ephemeral.

\n\n

After completing her MFA at the Slade School of Fine Arts in 2018, Antonia Showering has steadily gained critical attention, appearing in several group exhibitions and selected for a range of awards and residencies including Bloomberg New Contemporaries in 2019, The Great Women Artists Residency at Palazzo Monti, Brescia, in 2018, and the 2018 Henry Tonks Award. Having announced her representation by Timothy Taylor Gallery in 2021, Showering presented her first solo exhibition, Antonia Showering: Mixed Emotion, with the gallery in early 2022.

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Caroline Walker, Afters, 2016. 20th Century & Contemporary Art London.

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Caroline Walker

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\n
[My paintings are] something you have to look through or past to get to the subject of the work […] like a voyeur I suppose, looking in on others’ lives. — Caroline Walker
\n

\n\n

Caroline Walker explores women in quiet moments of candid honesty, focusing on domestic or workplace environments and transforming them into studies in contemporary feminine interiority. Often these compositions contrast the unguarded subject with the framing device of their scenes, offering an intimate look at the nested dynamics of gender, labor, belonging, and the unseen human – and predominantly female – element of maintaining order. Strikingly cinematic in its sun-soaked palette and narrative power, Afters captures the tensions between public and private, ambiguity and the everyday that typifies Walker’s practice. Depicting a woman resting across an elegantly curved metal-framed sofa, a stiletto and watermelon slice casually discarded on the floor beside her, the atmosphere is languorous and intimate, Walker capturing a moment of stillness and solitude that falls between the day’s activities. Placing us in the position of the unseen observer, Walker’s awkwardly elevated perspectives and cropped angles create the impression of a fleeting glance or snapshot, as if we are witnessing the moment before the subject awakens and apologizes for sleeping on the couch.

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Walker earned her MA at the Royal College of Art in 2009 has since been the subject of several solo exhibitions internationally, including Janey at Ingleby Gallery, Edinburgh in 2020, Women’s Work at the Midlands Art Centre, Birmingham in 2021, and the forthcoming exhibition at K11 in Shanghai in November 2022. Walker’s latest solo show, Lisa, at Stephen Freidman Gallery presented a deeply intimate series of portraits documenting her sister-in-law’s journey through the first months of motherhood. Her works are included in a number of prominent public collections, including the National Museum of Wales in Cardiff, The UK Government Art Collection, London, and Kunstmuseum in The Hague.

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Flora Yukhnovich, Moi aussi je déborde, 2017. 20th Century & Contemporary Art London.

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Flora Yukhnovich

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\n
There is something corporeal about paint […] the way a painterly gesture can talk about the physical experience of touch in a visceral way, breaking down the distance between the viewer and work.
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—Flora Yukhnovich
\n

\n\n

Executed in 2017, the same year as her pivotal graduate show at City & Guilds London School of Art, Moi aussi je déborde is highly expressive of Flora Yukhnovich’s technical skill and immediately recognizable blend of Rococo aesthetics and contemporary cultural references. The work captures an important early moment in the development of her practice, reflecting the artist’s fluid approach to oil painting and conceptual depth as expressed through euphoric lightness. Capturing the fluctuations of the body, Yukhnovich’s gestural brushstrokes and obscured forms revitalize the drama and eroticism of the Rococo with a contemporary concern with contextualizing excess and frivolity on strictly feminist terms. At once celebrating and problematizing art historical representations of femininity, Moi aussi je déborde stages a reclamation of desire from the traditionally male gaze to a joyous recentering of the female perspective as the source of a new mythology. Among the waves of whites, pinks, and lavender tones, the angelic forms render themselves in new, self-determined configurations, recalling the words of Hélène Cixous as the viewer observes these “creatures endowed with the power to put things together and bring them back to life.”

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Following her first solo exhibition with Brocket Gallery, London, which included the present work, Yukhnovich has gone on to exhibit at Parafin, London, GASK, the Gallery of the Central Bohemian Region, Czech Republic, the Jerwood Gallery Hastings, Blenheim Walk Gallery, and Leeds Arts University. Earlier in 2022, the artist presented her first solo exhibition at Victoria Miro in London, and is currently preparing for an exhibition of new works responding to the collection at The Ashmolean, Oxford, to be opened later this year.

\n\n

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The Art Lover's Guide to Rio de Janeiro >

\n","2022-06-22T22:24:35.000000Z","https://www.phillips.com/article/98562064/a-new-generation-of-british-women-artists",1614,3923,98562064,{"_1396":1430,"_1398":231,"_1399":1431,"_516":1432,"_1402":1433,"_1404":1434,"_1406":1407,"_1408":1409,"_1410":474,"_1411":1435,"_467":385,"_1413":1436,"_1415":1437,"_1417":1438},"https://flockler.com/thumbs/sites/889/hirst-spots-971b98b6-b0e1-4ebb-9513-620319d1354d_s600x0.jpg","\"Furfuryl Mercaptan\" and the artist's wry examinations of a minimalist, colorful, and medicated future. ","Damien Hirst: Better Living Through Brain Chemistry","

Damien Hirst, Furfuryl Mercaptan, 2004-2011. 20th Century & Contemporary Art London.

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Demonstrating on a grand scale Damien Hirst’s career-spanning interest in color and its organization, Furfuryl Mercaptan strikes a balance between art and science that has proven to be a conceptual touchstone for the artist’s practice. Bridging the sense of order and focus on scientific modes of categorization that we find in his earlier Medicine Cabinets with the exuberant approach to color taken in his Spin Paintings, the grid of 306 evenly spaced and uniquely colored dots are set against a brilliant white ground, perfectly uniform in compositional arrangement. The titles of works from this series were selected at random from the alphabetically arranged catalogue of drug company Sigma-Aldrich’s products that Hirst first stumbled across in the early 1990s. Furfuryl Mercaptan is most often used as a food flavoring agent, characterized by a bitter, coffee-like taste – an appropriate selection given the interplay between the work’s use of color and its conceptual basis of how the eye registers different hues.

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Likened to an array of colored pills, the first spots date from the very outset of Hirst’s career, painted directly onto the wall of the Surrey Docks Warehouse in the final phase of the now legendary Freeze exhibition curated by Hirst as an undergraduate student at Goldsmith’s in 1988. Just as in the innovative Medicine Cabinets which he first embarked on during the same year, Hirst found that he could generate infinitely variable results from imposing certain limitations in terms of the size and color of his forms, their arrangement in relation to one another, and the number of spots, pills, or boxes included in each work. The grid structure of the Spot Paintings allowed for just such a formulaic approach. Arranged with 17 uniformly sized multichromatic spots along the vertical axis and 18 along the horizontal, Furfuryl Mercaptan possesses a striking sense of compositional balance and harmony in an almost pharmaceutical sense. One can easily imagine the television advert to accompany such an image: a chemical imbalance made stable as the previously irregular spots all align into a uniform, stable grid. Speak to your physician today.

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The present work is rendered in mixed hues of household paint – no single color appears twice, and although created methodically by hand, Hirst was interested in the idea of the works appearing to have been executed by a machine, or “by a person trying to paint like a machine.” The colors possess a remarkable mutability when placed next to one another, some appearing to recede while others jump forwards in a manner that creates a sort of observer effect, and further an irony at the heart of the field Hirst examines – that of the idea that no two symptoms or cases are exactly alike, but uniformly, in the attempt to wrangle disparate individuals into a predetermined matrix of wholeness, there is, of course, a pill for that, highlighting what the artist calls a “scientific approach to painting in a similar way to the drug companies’ scientific approach to life. Art doesn’t purport to have all the answers; the drug companies do.”

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Seen within the larger context of Hirst’s oeuvre, the work takes on additional meaning as a continuation of the process which began with the Medicine Cabinets and first spots of his formative years. Hirst has likened these arrangements to the simple geometries, harmony, and seriality of Minimalism, with a developed confidence immediately translated here, where the careful arrangement of colors evokes the clean, sterilized world of the pharmacy as much as the ailing body itself. The rigidity of the grid is offset by a more ineffable, poetic dimension that conflates ideas about medicine, art, and the ephemerality of life, while also borrowing from the colorful and loud use of ordinary shapes by 1960s Pop Art. As Hirst notes: “I once said that the Spot Paintings could be what art looks like viewed through an imaginary microscope,” and through this lens, each spot provides a single breakthrough as it falls in line for within the massive, prophylactic grid.

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Salman Toor

Three Men with Trays

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Salman Toor